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Owners who are considering purchasing pet health insurance for their dogs should make sure that the eye health of their dogs covered by the insurance policy. Because many insurance companies will not insure the eyes of a dog whose breed is habitually diagnosed with chronic eye problems may want to consider purchasing their puppy from a CERF (Canine Eye Registration Foundation). Breeders who are recognized by the CERF have been publicly acknowledged as breeding puppies without known health problems. In some cases insurance companies might also require that the owners have genetic screening done on the puppies before they can be insured.

Glaucoma is a common eye condition that begins with very subtle symptoms such as dilated pupils that don’t respond well to light, and eye that appears to be red, poor vision, and corneas are often cloudy. One California-based veterinarian claims that because the initial symptoms of Glaucoma can be very subtle many California pet owners to not immediately bring their dogs and for an examination. If Glaucoma is not immediately seen by a veterinarian within 24 to 48 hours the increased pressure in the eyeball can lead to permit it cases of blindness. In severe cases of untreated Glaucoma veterinarians have been forced to remove the pet’s eye.

Any dog who has the developed an irritation in their eye that causes them to square to produce extra tears is called a “squinting dog”. Most cases of squinting is caused from a minor irritation such as an in turned eyelash or minor scratch to the cornea. However some cases of squinting dog has led to the early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer and Blastomyosis.

The Dermoidis is a benign corneal neoplasam. It is sometimes referred to as the third eyelid. Hair growing from the Dermoidis can irritate the dog’s eye which can cause discharge and occasionally cause an ulcer to appear on the eye.

Once you have seen a person or animal with cataracts you will always be able to diagnose them. The official definition of a cataract is opacity of the lens. When you look into an eye that has a cataract it looks as if a darkly tinted contact lens has been placed over the lens. If the cataracts become too thick the pet will go blind.

Shar Peis. Cocker Spaniels, Labradors, and Rottweilers are susceptible to eye condition called Entropion. Entropio, happens when an eyelid fold inward toward the eye and causes the eyelashes to brush against the cornea. The irritation of the eyelashes rubbing the cornea generally gives the eye a squinty drippy appearance. Bulldogs, Poodles, and Cocker Spaniels are often diagnosed with a condition called Cherry eye.

Dry eyes is the term used to describe the eyes of a dog that isn’t producing enough tears. Lhasa Apso, Pugs, and Shih Tzus are breeds that are particularly susceptible to dry eyes. Dog owners should bring their dogs to the veterinarian as soon as they notice any of the following conditions; squinting, tearing, pawing at the eye, cloudiness, bloody eyes, a blind eye (this can happen very abruptly), constantly dilated pupils, and swollen eyelids. Dog owners need to understand that early diagnosis is often the key to preventing further eye issues.

A slumping housing market, high energy costs, and turbulent financial markets are causing many baby boomers into more prudent choices for their retirement. Today’s retirees consider a longer, more active lifestyle than previous generations, and now, with homes adjusting downward in value, many will have fewer financial resources than previously perceived. There is an answer for many of the upcoming wave of retirees: the new generation of manufactured homes, where quality, safety, comfort, aesthetics and value exist. Many people are turning to the up-scale manufactured home communities. “The benefits are not solely in the home itself. The community offers great benefits and value,” states Lee Meekcoms, President of Parkbridge Capital Group, Inc. (www.parkbridgecapital.com), a privately held real estate investment, acquisition, and brokerage firm. With more than twenty-five years in real estate sales, acquisition, and development and a baby boomer himself, he understands this market well. “The boomers seek a lifestyle that is secure, fulfills needs, and provides enjoyable activities with friends in the retirement years,” says Meekcoms.

Today, many manufactured home communities feature resort-living, sporting everything from gated entrances, to swimming pools, spas, recreational centers, clubhouses, community events, wireless internet, cable TV, activity coordinators, BBQ and dining areas, fitness centers, seasonal events and more. “The people that live in these communities are happy, creative and really enjoy the place and all that it offers,” says Meekcoms, “staying at home is not really an interesting option”.

These 77 million baby boomers, or 35 percent of all U.S. adults, have long known how to flex their real estate muscle. As the top breadwinners in the American economy, baby boomers have a strong relationship to their home and consider housing and real estate to be their best financial investment. Baby boomers also account for roughly 50% of all vacation homes according to the National Association of Realtors.

Trends in both manufactured home communities and RV resorts (which can have the same set of amenities as the manufactured home communities, and often, more amenities) are strong indicators that these properties are a wise investment; the reason why Parkbridge Capital has focused on this market. “We’re confident that buying, upgrading, enhancing operations, and expanding existing properties will result in very good investor returns, while providing Americans with an affordable, or even a quite luxurious way to achieve the lifestyle that they desire.”

One might expect that skyrocketing gas prices would discourage RV traveling or seasonal living elsewhere. However, Parkbridge Capital has found the opposite to be true. “Research indicates that those who own RVs overwhelmingly feel that RV vacations are much less expensive than other travel options,” he says. “Observers of this phenomena note that RV owners are spending less time on the road and more time at their destinations. We’re seeing a lot of growth in the “park-model” (resort cottage) sector of the RV market. The retiree simply drives their smaller RV, their car, or arrives by air travel, and remains for the season at the resort.” Meekcoms expects that this trend will continue for many years.

Because of economic fact, many baby boomers want to enjoy a flexible lifestyle at a cost that isn’t extravagant,” he says. “The properties that we acquire with our partners and clients are a perfect fit for mobile, cost-conscious boomers who want the best of all worlds.”

Parkbridge Capital Group has been involved with the purchase, sale or management of more than 100 properties worth in excess of one billion dollars in current value. More information can be found online at http://www.parkbridgecapital.com.

Thinking of an adorable motif to wear or give away to friends, but tired of cliches? Maybe you’ve bought too many ballerina figurines or puppy plushies. It’s time to experiment with a different theme. The idea of panda jewelry is a unusual and is associated with environmental and ecological issues.

If you want to distinguish yourself from the boring routine of giving away cute cuddly teddy bears or bear-motifed cards for Christmas or a birthday, opt for something different by considering panda jewelry. After all, bears are always cute — but pandas are exotic BESIDES being cute.

Pandas in accessories may be somewhat unconventional, but the unconventionality itself is sure to make this theme set a smash hit. The white-and-black theme that comes naturally to pandas is useful for every design. We all know how chic chiaroscuro (an italian term for an artistic rendering using only black and white) is “in” at any fashion era!

Besides, it’s really wrong to say that pandas aren’t “in” at all! Japan’s Tare-panda has achieved much mileage among young people since its creation in 1995. In 1999, Japan’s Seda magazine elected Tare-panda as the most popular toy of the year. The Tare-panda mascot, bug-eyed and cute, has found its way to various forms of merchandise — on bracelets and bags, t-shirts and notebooks, and even to cell phone charms!

Mobile phone charms are actually just among of the many examples of accessories where the panda jewelry motif would definitely “click.” Kids nowadays may be modern, but modern accessories need not adopt to a futuristic theme, or a fantastic one…in fact, panda jewelry may actually be useful in making young people more aware of the plight of the panda — specifically the Giant Panda, which is one of the more endangered species in the world today.

Cute and cuddly as they are, pandas are nonetheless beleaguered by very real issues. Encouraging more young people into wearing panda jewelry instead of regular bear jewelry may just help them become more involved in this cause.

Most people consider vision their most valued sense yet many of us take our eyesight for granted and hardly think twice about what it would be like to lose our vision. Every day I sit with patients whose vision is threatened by age-related macular degeneration, a devastating condition that is also called AMD. AMD is the leading cause of blindness in Americans over 60, and affects more than 15 million people in the U.S. More than 1.6 million people have advanced AMD, which can jeopardize the ability to read, drive, watch TV and even recognize family and friends’ faces. But thanks to recent medical advancements, patients now have better chances at preserving vision and slowing vision loss than ever before.

Dry and Wet AMD

There are two forms of AMD, dry and wet. Dry AMD is more common, accounting for 90 percent of AMD cases, but it accounts for only 10 percent of the severe vision loss caused by AMD. Dry AMD is characterized by the development of yellow-white deposits underneath your retina, known as drusen. In the early stages of AMD, you may see a blurred spot in the center of your vision. Over time, dry AMD may develop into wet AMD, the more serious form of the disease. In wet AMD, abnormal blood vessels that are weak start to grow and often leak blood and fluid in the back of the eye, which is why the disease is called wet. The blood and fluid can cause the macula (the central part of the retina, responsible for central vision) to become distorted and scarred, which harms and blurs central vision. Wet AMD can develop rapidly, often leading to severe vision loss in the affected eye within months.

Most cases of wet AMD begin as dry AMD, so it’s important to know if you are at risk for wet AMD so you can monitor your vision and catch wet AMD early. Unfortunately, patients often seek care for wet AMD too late. Recent studies suggest that the earlier wet AMD is caught and treated, the better vision outcomes may be.

Help Protect Your Eyesight

Because early treatment for wet AMD may garner the best results, it’s important to monitor for changes in vision and if you’re over the age of 60, you should schedule regular eye exams with your eye doctor. If you’re diagnosed with dry AMD and are told that you are at risk for developing the wet form, your doctor may give you a simple self-monitoring tool called an Amsler grid, which is a convenient way to help monitor your vision at home. The Amsler grid only takes about two minutes to test both eyes separately (with reading glasses if you have them) and should be used daily. Post the grid at eye level either on your refrigerator door or bathroom mirror-or somewhere easy to remember, so it becomes part of your daily routine. Catching wet AMD early is critical, so if you notice any changes in your vision, such as blurriness or wavy lines on the Amsler grid, you should immediately make an appointment with your eye doctor.

Treating Wet AMD

Recently, wet AMD patients have benefited from major scientific advancements in treatment. Just a few years ago, laser therapies were the only available treatments and they were only appropriate for a small amount of people with the condition.

Today, a drug called Macugen (pegaptanib sodium injection) is available and was approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) to treat all types of wet AMD and is proven to preserve vision over the long term by slowing vision loss.

The Amsler grid is a simple self-monitoring grid that people at risk for wet AMD can use every day at home. More information about AMD and free Amsler grids are available by visiting www.my eyehealth.org or calling (866) 702-EYES (3937).

MACUGEN is indicated for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Important safety information

MACUGEN is contraindicated in patients with ocular or periocular infections or with known hypersensitivity to pegaptanib sodium or any other excipient in this product.

Safety or efficacy of MACUGEN beyond 2 years has not been demonstrated.

Intravitreal injections including those with MACUGEN have been associated with endophthalmitis. Proper aseptic injection technique-which includes use of sterile gloves, a sterile drape, and a sterile eyelid speculum (or equivalent)-should always be utilized when administering MACUGEN. In addition, patients should be monitored during the week following the injection to permit early treatment, should an infection occur.

Increases in intraocular pressure (IOP) have been seen within 30 minutes of injection with MACUGEN. Therefore, IOP as well as the perfusion of the optic nerve head should be monitored and managed appropriately.

Serious adverse events related to the injection procedure occurring in <1% of intravitreal injections included endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, and iatrogenic traumatic cataract.

Most frequently reported adverse events in patients treated for up to 2 years were anterior chamber inflammation, blurred vision, cataract, conjunctival hemorrhage, corneal edema, eye discharge, eye irritation, eye pain, hypertension, increased IOP, ocular discomfort, punctate keratitis, reduced visual acuity, visual disturbance, vitreous floaters, and vitreous opacities. These events occurred in approximately 10% to 40% of patients.

Rare cases of anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid reactions, including angioedema, have been reported in postmarketing experience following the intravitreal administration procedure.

Everybody wants to be fashionable thanks to fast changing lifestyles. People want to dress up with trendy designer clothing and accessories that provide them eye-catching look and feel. After all, everybody seeks to be the center of attraction. The designer sunglasses have their own history. A gorgeous face always draws attention and an equally beautiful sunglass on the face enhances your personality. The use of sunglasses is more prominent in today’s scenario. With the increasing harmful effects of Ultra Violet rays on your eyes, it has become mandatory to wear a sunglass when you venture outside.

All these above factors contribute greatly to the emerging business of sunglasses. Markets are simply flooded with varieties of sun spectacles to tap this growing segment of customers. Sunglasses are sold for each and every age groups and come in array of colors, shape and design. No matter whether you are a male or female, a business professional or sportsperson, an enthusiastic youth or a rest-seeking elder, you will find an excuse to sport a sunglass.

Among these sea of sunglasses,
Oakley sunglasses have a class of their own. They have a long history. What was started in 1975 has now become a fashion statement. Oakleys have found their way into popular Hollywood movies. Many celebrities including film stars and sportspersons are their regular customers. So a question arises why Oakleys sunglasses are different from others.

These sunglasses have Plutonite and Iridium lens coatings, the do-it-yourself custom-made glasses and the mind-boggling Thump MP3 sunglasses. This lense material can filter out 100% of all UVA, UVB and UVC. The Oakley Plutonite lens also blocks 100% of all harmful blue light up to 400 nanometers. They are also designed to absorb all major impacts from both high speed and high mass objects. Water protection is another notable benefit. The special coating of Oakleys stops moisture and grease sticking to the lense. So they are ideal for sports activities.

But Oakley sunglasses are very costly and out of reach for common people. But that problem is also gone with demon-clothing.com which offers designer Oakleys at surprisingly cheap prices. You can enjoy huge discounts provided by it. Apart from Oakley sunglasses, the portal is full of other beautiful branded garments and accessories to immerse you in a shopping spree. So purchase your fashionable sunglasses from demon-clothing.com.

According to research studies conducted in recent years, several patients who underwent LASIK reported problems seeing at night. The induced night vision defects included halos, starbursts and glare around brightly lit objects at night. These night vision problems signify deterioration in quality rather than quantity of vision. Though these night vision problems are typically transient and wear off in a few days, in some patients, the symptoms might persist long after the eye heals.

LASIK is a refractive surgery technique that involves reshaping of the cornea via precise ablation. Night vision problems are known to be caused by the irregularity between the untouched part of the cornea and the reshaped part. It is a known fact that the pupil dilates in darkness and contracts when faced with bright light. However, it is impractical to perform LASIK such that it covers the expansion of the pupil at full dilation at night.

Daytime post-LASIK vision is optimal, since the pupil is smaller than the LASIK flap. But at night, the pupil may expand such that light passes through the edge of the LASIK flap into the pupil. This is what gives birth to night vision anomalies.

Studies have also shown that the possibility of night vision problems increases in patients who have undergone some sort of enhancement LASIK surgery. It might be the case that the desired refraction is not accomplished in the foremost surgery, and hence, patients typically require enhancement surgeries. These patients are generally less happy with the outcome than those patients who have had LASIK surgery only once in life. Moreover, patients who have flatter corneas at the outset are more likely to suffer from starbursts and other night vision problems after surgery.

LASIK technology has advanced over time and the surgeons have gained loads of experience in the pertinent field. As a result, the number of patients reporting night vision problems has dropped significantly. Expert surgeons carry out a comprehensive preoperative examination to determine if the patient has large sized pupils. They make use of advanced contemporary equipment to accomplish the same, and therefore, rule out the possibility of long-term night vision defects.

Finding a LASIK surgery that you are confident about will be able to give you more information about night vision problems.

NFL football betting is by far the most popular area of the gaming industry. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the new bettor with the different aspects of NFL football betting. With that in mind, we’ll stick with the basic elements you’ll need to know.

Normally, when betting against a point spread, you bet $110 to win $100. This is shown as – 110. The extra $10 is known as the “vig” or the “juice”. There are sports books out there that offer specials, such as “reduced juice” (- 105, for example). – 105 would mean that you’d be betting only $105 to win $100.

NFL football betting involves a betting line, also known as a point spread. For example, let’s say Miami is playing against Buffalo. Miami is listed as – 7, which means Miami is the favorite. Buffalo would then be listed as + 7, which makes them the underdog. If you place a bet on Miami at – 7, then Miami must win the game by more than seven points in order for you to win your bet. If you place a bet on Buffalo at + 7, then Buffalo must either win the game or lose by less than seven points in order for you to win your bet. If Miami wins by exactly seven points, then the game is a “push” or “no action” and everyone who wagered on one of the teams gets back their original wager amount.

You can certainly see where there would be much more opportunity to win by betting on Buffalo, since they don’t even have to win the game in order for you to win your wager. If you bet on Miami, on the other hand, they could win the game and you could still lose your wager if they do not win by more than seven. This is why many NFL football betting experts wager on nothing but underdogs.

You may also see a Total listed for the game. For this example, let’s say there is a Total listed at 43. The total is the number of combined points scored by both teams in the game. If you think the two teams will combine to score more than the posted total of 43, then you would wager “Over the Total”. If you think the two teams will combine to score less than the posted total of 43, then you would wager “Under the Total”. If the total score ends up being exactly 43, then the total is a “push” or “no action” and everyone who wagered on the total gets back their original wager amount.

For this example, let’s say Miami won the game, 27 – 17. If you placed a bet on Miami at – 7, you’d subtract seven points from Miami’s score, making it Miami 20, Buffalo 17. If you placed a bet on Buffalo at + 7, you’d add seven points to Buffalo’s score, making it Miami 27, Buffalo 24. Either way, anyone who wagered on Miami won and anyone who wagered on Buffalo lost.

The actual final score of the game was Miami 27, Buffalo 17. That’s a total of 44 points. The posted total line was 43. So, bettors who wagered on “Over the Total” won their bets since 44 is over, or higher than, 43. Bettors who wagered “Under the Total” lost their wagers.

Those are the basics. I hope the examples above helped those of you who are new to the world of NFL football betting. You’re now ready to begin your own NFL football betting. Good luck.

Watch this recent ABC News clip and see the results for yourself! An ndependent news organization persuaded two volunteers to try the product and tell them what they thought about it!

What’s going on here?

Is this some kind of magic? No, -it’s not magic. It’s science which seems like magic.

The main ingredient in Deception is made from something called “emu oil”. I’ll tell you about emu oil in a moment… but first… let me tell you what creates the “magic” effect.

This is the best triple-refined emu oil in the world. And, an extra ingredient is added to it while it is being made into a cream. This extra ingredient is a suspension of superfine silicon dioxide nanoprisms which has been “fractionated” instead of powderized. That means instead of turning into flakes when it is processed… it turns into…

Billions of Microscopic Three-Dimensional Nanoprisms! So what?

Here’s “so what.” Almost nobody knows this… but… the human eye cannot see a wrinkle. What the eye sees is actually the shadow made by the wrinkle. And, since all those billions of microscopic nanoprisms refract light, when you use Deception…

There are No Shadows to See!

This effect will last until you wash your face and the invisible silicon dioxide is removed. And get this: Remember how I told you the main ingredient in this cosmetic cream is made from emu oil? Well, it turns out emu oil is probably the best cosmetic ingredient in the world. That’s because its molecules are much smaller than the molecules in human skin. Because of this, emu oil can…

Penetrate Down Through Seven Layers of Human Skin!

This makes it the best moisturizer in the world.

And here’s more good news! The reason you get wrinkles in the first place is, as you get older, you start losing the collagen in your skin. Can you guess what emu oil does?

For more information, please check out Deception Wrinkle Cream – Anti Wrinkle Cream

All city dwellers miss the enchanting nature. The waterfalls, the rivers, the lovely flower fields, the mountain ranges, these all are a treat for the tired eyes. After we go to nature, we feel very peaceful and calm. Our disturbances of mind slow down. Today, most of the stressed workers are looking for anti stress treatments. What can be a better stress buster than nature?

How Nature wallpapers are great stress busters – Our eyes, ears, touch and other senses directly affect our mood. When we view a lovely sight, our mind becomes positive and the state of the mind changes. Try this experiment. Watch some very dirty sight and note the state of your mind. Now watch a beautiful sight and note the change in your state. You will find a sudden change for the better. Nature wallpapers can help us bring these changes fast.

Nature Wallpapers are full of variety- you will get a huge variety in nature wallpapers. You will get scenes of beaches, clouds, countryside, deserts, flowers, lakes & seas, landscapes, mountains, panoramas, plants & trees, rivers & streams, sunsets, and waterfalls. In each of these topics, you will get to choose from dozens of wallpapers. Imagine of the variety available?

Sizes – You will get free nature wallpapers in sizes suitable for most of the monitor sizes. Download one that fits your monitor.

Cost – Some websites offer free nature wallpapers while most of the websites charge money. Select from free websites. You will get a great collection free.

Precautions while downloading – Avoid adware and spyware. Do not download exe. files. Download lightweight wallpapers and enjoy. Nature wallpapers area lovely sight to watch. You can also send your selection to your friends and family. Enjoy with these free downloads.

Dark circles under eyes are a common beauty problem. These under eye dark circles give us an appearance of tiredness or illness. They make us to feel worse and are rather detrimental to our self esteem.

What are dark circles under eyes?

The skin below our eyes is very thin and is sparsely dotted with oil glands unlike the skin on rest of the body. Due to various reasons the skin under the eyes becomes thin and dry. Veins below eyes appear prominently when the
under eye skin becomes dry and thin. This lends the area a dark appearance.

What causes dark circles under eyes?

There are various reasons which cause dark circles. Few of them have been listed below.

Heredity:

If others in your family have dark circles then there are fair chances of you getting dark circles under eyes. The thinness of under eye skin is a hereditary character. The thin under eye skin reveals dark veins underneath and appears as dark circles under eyes.

If you are more prone to allergies like itching of skin which is inherited then dark circles under eyes may be caused due to rubbing and inflammation of under eye skin.

Lack of Sleep and Fatigue:

Partying all night, lack of sleep, fatigue, sinus infections, pregnancy all these may cause paleness of skin. Pale skin makes blood vessels to appear prominently and give an appearance of dark circles.

Structure of Bone

Eyes set deep in skull bones may develop ark shadow under them.

Exposure to Sunlight

Exposure to sun light increases the level of pigmentation and cause tanning. Same thing applies well for the skin under eyes. When skin under eyes gets exposed to sun it tans and appears dark.

Medications:

Medications which cause dilation of blood vessels cause dark circles under eyes. Dilated blood vessels allow more blood to flow through them and these blood vessels look prominent through under eye skin which is very thin.

Nutrition

Poor nutrition leads to paleness of skin under eyes. Lack of essential nutrients in diet or poor diet causes discoloration of under eye skin.

Hormonal Imbalance

Hormonal Imbalance during pregnancy, menstruation, menopause etc cause paleness of skin and this leads to appearance of dark circles under eyes.

Age:

As we grow old the skin under eyes become more dry and wrinkled. The wrinkled skin below eyes appears as dark circles around eyes.

Tips for Dark eye Circles

How to get rid of dark circle under eyes is the question that arises in your mind when you are suffering from under eye dark circles. Here are solutions for under eye dark circles

1.Concealing the dark circles around eyes through make up techniques.

2.Avoiding use of bleach or peels to make the dark circles around eyes light.

3.Treat the cause of illness mentioned above.

4.Sleep for sufficiently long hours to prevent formation of dark circles under eyes.

5.Do not scratch the under eye skin.

6.Diet, which is rich in nutrients helps to remove dark circles around eyes.

7.Lightly tap the under eye skin with one or two fingers to

8.Increase the blood circulation.

Ayurveda treatment for dark circles under eyes

Accumulation of toxins in body cause dark circles.The ayurveda treatment for dark circle consists of two steps.

1.Body detoxification.

2.Skin rejuvenation .

Top Ten Home remedies for Dark circles under eye

1.Grate cucumber and squeeze fresh juice out of gratings. Dip two cotton balls in it and keep these cotton balls on eyes. This relaxes eyes and relieves tiredness of eyes. Considered as the best remedy for under eye dark circles.

2.The above process has been found to be effective when done using potato.

3.Apply a paste of lemon juice, tomato puree, orange lentil flour (masoor dal ) and turmeric powder (if you are not allergic to it) on under eye dark circles. Leave it for 15 minutes and wash it off.

4.Drink plenty of water (more than 15 glasses)

5.Eat fresh fruits, green vegetables which are rich in fiber.

6.Sleep well at least for 7-8 hrs daily.

7.Reduce stress levels by practicing yoga and meditation. Pranayama reduces dark circles and increases glow of skin.

8.Avoid sweets and chocolates.

9.Dip two cotton balls in rose water and place them on your eyes, covering dark circles.

10.Keep thin cold cucumber slices on eyes when your eyes are too tiered.

It has come to my attention that wearing glasses stinks. My father wears glasses, and i dont know if it is that I didnt want to hear it, or I just plain ignored him, but apparently he has been complaining about glasses since I was young. Well pops, do something about it!

Actually I can’t be that rude, he has done something about it. He now wears contacts and loves every minute of it. He says it is WAY different than glasses. With glasses, apparently, you can see clear straight ahead, but it is blurry peripherally. The deal with contacts is, you don’t have any blurry vision at all, which I hear is nice.

Contacts, however, still leave you with a few jobs. These duties entail taking them in and out, replacing them if lost, and keeping them moist when they are not in. When dad wakes up in the morning he still has bad vision, because you can not wear contacts overnight. Well what else can he do?!

EYE SURGERY! True, it’s expensive, but after this it’s like you’ve never worn glasses before in your life. Your riding high on the “I can see clearly” cloud. Eye surgery is low risk, so dont be too afraid to try it out. That’s the next step for dad I think. In my opinion, your eyes are a pretty good investment.

Sonny and Cher, Fred and Ginger, chocolate and peanut butter…some things are just meant to go together. And diamonds and sapphires are no exception. With so many choices, a diamond and sapphire engagement and wedding ring set can go down in your personal history with as much romance and excitement as Antony and Cleopatra…with a much happier ending, of course!

No need for the blues, with sapphires you can branch out into a variety of melodies. While sapphires are usually associated with the deep blue only a sapphire can exude, sapphires cover a large portion of the rainbow from purples to reds to oranges and yellows. Imagine the glitz and glitter of a brilliant white diamond surrounded by a sparkling ruby sapphire…there’s something you’ll enjoy looking at for years to come! And if you love the idea of a colored diamond, such as a pink or yellow, you can find the perfect complimentary sapphire to create an elegant sunset on your finger.

On the bright side, if the cost of a colored diamond is too much to consider (at least for now–always keep your options open!), consider a colored sapphire instead. The main attraction could be the yellow or pink sapphire, supported by a brilliant chorus of smaller diamonds, and no one would know the difference unless you chose to reveal your brilliant secret!

Or consider this–if your heart’s desire is a pink or yellow diamond, but you’re not dating a movie star (for which you may want to thank your lucky stars), you can create the “look” without the price tag. Set a smaller yellow or pink diamond in the center and surround it with the same color of sapphires. This creates the stunning yellow or pink glow you’ve got your heart set on, but significantly lowers the cost. You can have that ‘two million’ look without emptying your bank account (or putting yourself in debt that will last as long as the marriage).

Sapphires are pretty study rocks, too–only second in hardness to diamonds, which means you can mix ‘em up as much as you want and be confident that your ring will last for years to come, just like your favorite classic tune that never goes out of style.

Need another reason to consider the diamond/sapphire duet? The rocks are gorgeous and can be put in any kind of setting you prefer and still look great. Whether you like to dance to the beat of your own drummer or prefer the classic sounds of Mozart, you can combine your diamond and sapphire choices in a way that will make your heart sing for years to come.

With so many credit cards dominating the market these days, people can no longer tell the difference between one card to another. It all seems like a wide array of credit cards all committed to provide the consumers with substantial means in cashless shopping.

However, there is one credit card that aims to be above the rest. This is the chase credit cards.

On its façade, chase credit cards may look just like the other credit cards, works like the others, and has the basic features of a typical credit card. But what people still don’t know about chase credit cards is that what it has basically more than meets the eye.

Here are some facts about chase credit cards in order to guide those who are contemplating to get hold of it:

1. Chase credit cards are easily accessible online.

Just like the other credit cards, chase credit cards are also available online. But the fact that people can do transactions online is a remarkable modification in credit cards.

In fact, consumers who want to get a chase credit card can easily apply online, and once approved they can continuously track their balances, statements, and details of their transactions all in just one click.

2. Chase credit cards have free alerts.

These are the notifications that a chase credit card holder receives through e-mail or phone.

If the consumer chooses e-mail alerts, notifications shall be sent to the user’s e-mail address, wap-enabled mobile phone, pager, or even a PDA device. In this way, the consumer can be updated about his or her account at any time of the day.

Free alerts can even jog your memory whenever there is a due payment. It will also ring a bell in the event that your balance is about to reach its limit. Best of all, it is free so people don’t have to worry about additional charges just for this service.

3. Chase credit cards offers versatility when paying bills.

Chase credit cards can be used automatically to pay all the bills on due. The consumer has to arrange for the specific requirements needed before they can get their chase credit card start paying bills.

So, for a new way of enjoying credit cards with all the functions still intact but ahs a different way of managing the consumer’s accounts, chase credit cards are certainly the best of its kind.

What are Mesothelioma Statistics?

Mesothelioma statistics are data about mesothelioma – a dangerous cancer that affects the lining of the lungs and the abdomen. In some cases, mesothelioma can affect the heart and reproductive organs too. It is a fatal disease with patients surviving for only one-two years after the diagnosis.

What have Mesothelioma Statistics Revealed?

Mesothelioma statistics have revealed that nearly seventy to eighty per cent of all cases of mesothelioma have been directly traced to prolonged exposure to asbestos. Asbestos was a frequently used material in construction, railroad, factory, shipyard and automobile industries. Mesothelioma statistics were able to highlight the link between asbestos and cancer nearly sixty years ago. However, unscrupulous industries have chosen to continue using asbestos for profit motives.

Mesothelioma statistics also portray mesothelioma to be a silent killer. This is because the disease lies dormant in the body for periods between ten to fifty years. It is usually diagnosed in patients when they are between fifty and seventy years of age. Normally the diagnosis of mesothelioma is only after the case has reached the last stage and there is very little hope for the survival of the patient.

Mesothelioma Statistics Related to Mesothelioma Treatment:

The sad reality is that mesothelioma has no cure. According to mesothelioma statistics, after diagnosis, the average survival rate is only 12-24 months. Even with early detection and treatment, the survival rate can be stretched out to five years. Mesothelioma treatments are very expensive and usually range – between four hundred thousand and eight hundred thousand dollars. This is the reason why most of the mesothelioma patients have to file lawsuits to recover medical and other costs related to this killer disease.

Is There Anything That Mesothelioma Statistics Is Not Able To Reveal?

Mesothelioma statistics reveal only the numbers of patients who have already been diagnosed with mesothelioma. This number is between two to three thousand new cases every year. However, mesothelioma statistics is not able to reveal or predict the numbers of people who continue to slowly develop the cancer inside them. There is no statistical data to provide the probable number of mesothelioma patients in the coming future.

How Can Mesothelioma Statistics Be Helpful?

Government regulations make mesothelioma patients eligible for compensation. Mesothelioma statistics can help in providing valuable information about the disease for compensation claims and lawsuits. Moreover, mesothelioma statistics can also help the mesothelioma victims and attorneys to gather valuable information for supporting their compensation claims.

Why the Evil Eye bead is more than just a good luck charm:

The Evil Eye is more than just a superstitious myth, and evil eye beads are more than just good luck charms. They are a reminder that we are all one people.

How’s that?

Take an Orthodox from Greece, a Catholic from Mexico, a Jew from Israel, or a Muslim from Turkey, Iran, or anywhere in the Middle East. Different people, different religions, everybody always fighting all the time, etc, etc.

But what do they all have in common? They all believe in the Evil Eye, and they all wear these good luck charms to guard against it.

The Evil Eye is a reminder that underneath it all, we are all the same human beings, even if we think we’re different.

In our eyes, that’s what makes the evil eye REALLY cool!

Enough editorial, now for the straight story…

Throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East, many people believe envious gazes or high praise from others can bring you bad luck.

The people who praise you probably mean you no harm, but still, evil spirits can piggyback in on their words or looks, and put a bad luck curse on you.

The Nazar Boncuk charm (or Evil Eye Bead) is an “eye”, often set on a blue background. It stares back at the world to ward off the evil spirits and keep you safe from harm. It is one of the most common items of decoration in any Turkish home, in any car, or on any person. You can see the charm hanging above doorways, dangling from the wrists of young women, or even planted right into the cement outside modern office buildings. And always, always, you will see them pinned to the shirts of newborn babies.

What do the colors mean? In Turkey and surrounding countries, the most popular evil eye charm color is blue. Turkey is in a dry part of the world, where water is precious — with water things prosper and grow, and without it, things shrivel and die. The color blue reminds people of fresh, cool water.
In the Jewish faith, the color red is often associated with luck and good fortune, so red is also a popular color.

When the Evil Eye Bead appears in other colors besides blue or red, it is usually for fashion reasons — color coordination with one’s wardrobe. Beads in the alternative colors have every bit as much protective power as the traditional blue ones.

Evil eye beads go back thousands of years. The earliest written references to the evil eye occur on Sumerian clay tablets dating to the third millennium BC. Agate beads of exceptional quality, worn to protect the wearer from the influence of the evil eye, were also discovered in royal Sumerian graves at Ur.

In Turkey and Greece, throughout the republics of Central Asia, and all the way to the Turkic regions of western China — the effects of the “evil eye” are believed real, and genuinely feared.

Most quality telescopes require the use of an eyepiece as part of the magnification power of the telescope. If you have a telescope with a single eyepiece, you will want to investigate using one or two different ones for different purposes. The eyepiece telescope has this advantage of those that do not have a changeable eyepiece.

The eyepiece plays a major role in the magnification power of an eyepiece telescope. In order to calculate what the magnification would be with a different eyepiece you would divide the focal length by the eyepiece focal length. Since the focal length of an eyepiece telescope will remain constant, by changing the eyepiece you can change the power.

Not everyone changes an eyepiece to increase the magnification, especially if wanting to view areas that are closer or they want a wider field of view. One reason to reduce the magnification may be to create a finder lens for your telescope to be able to find an object. With a strong eyepiece telescope, finding the moon through the normal magnification could be like trying to find it while looking through a straw.

Effective Fields Of View Also Changes

The true field of view, that is what you can see as an undistorted image can also be adjusted by changing the eyepiece on an eyepiece telescope. The field stop on an eyepiece is the rotating ring that limits the field size. To find the true field of view, divide the field stop diameter by the telescope’s focal length and then multiply by 57.3.

In order to obtain lower power viewing of large objects your eyepiece should deliver the widest possible field of view. A one and a quarter inch eyepiece would have a field stop of 27mm maximum. The maximum field stop on a two-inch eyepiece is about 46 mm.

A general rule of thumb with an eyepiece telescope is that choosing an eyepiece with shorter focal lengths and larger apparent field of view, bringing brighter, clearer images of objects including fainter stars.

Two things to consider when looking at news eyepieces could be a Barlow lens, which simply is a magnifier, which adds magnification power to the eyepiece telescope, and what is called eye relief.

Eye relief is the space between the lens and your eye and should have enough room for you to be able to wear your glasses, if needed, as well as to keep your eyelashes from brushing against the lens.

As they say, “the eyes are the windows to an individual’s soul.” It is quite true for the eyes can express just any emotion possible and would always be the first to show how you truly feel deep down inside. I would also like to stress that the eyes are also one of the very first things that we notice on a person’s face. There is just something about them; maybe the mystery it exudes that draws the people’s attention towards them.

How you beautify your eyes can make or break the look you want to project with your face. Having beautiful and tantalizing eyes is truly an asset on your part and I would strongly suggest that you apply make-up to emphasize them and to enhance more their loveliness. I have to admit that one of the things that I first look at in a person would definitely be the eyes.

If you are the type who doesn’t wear any eye make-up or better yet apply any eyeliner or mascara for that matter, you are missing out on being proud of one of your valuable assets and that is the eyes. We all want to look beautiful and attractive all the time for our special man or basically to feel good and confident about ourselves and being gorgeous helps us feel this way.

I believe that even without eye shadow or liner, the simple application of mascara can make your eyes look more alluring and attractive.

If you decide to use mascara decide on what type will be most suited for you. The market has different types of mascara that you could choose to use. You may opt for a water proof kind or the water soluble one. The water soluble mascara may be removed without even the use of a make-up remover. The water proof kind would be most suitable for those who would be engaged in water sports or for actors who need to look their best in front of the camera without make-up smudging their faces when they need to cry for a scene. Different mascaras also cater to different needs like you can find types that thicken and broaden your lashes among others.

To emphasize and open up your eyes, curl your lashes with a curl lash before applying any mascara. Choose from the variety of colored mascara but sticking to the basic colors of black and brown would definitely give a more sophisticated and dramatic look.

Makeup Tips For Brown Eyes

Brown eyes come in many different shades so let’s look at a kaleidoscope of colors to help us to enhance eye color. Colors opposite each other will be complementary so, will work to brighten each other up. For example: Red and green, orange and blue, purple and yellow. Depending on the shade of brown your eyes are will determine the shades of eye shadow you may use to brighten the brown which, may give you the effect of lightening that you are after, especially if you use colors that shimmer. If your eyes have a yellow tinge, try using an eye shadow with a purple tone.

The next thing you need to consider is the one rule of makeup that will always guide you: Light colors bring out, make larger and highlight. Dark colors recede, minimize or contour. So with this in mind you could work with dark eyeliner and light eye shadow colors to emphasize your dark chocolate eyes with black liner, mascara, a smudge of pale pink eye shadow, and finish with lightly flushed cheeks and make your lips your signature. Create lip focus with a red or berry stain. To pull color focus from your eyes, giving the illusion of lighter eyes, go for a deeper shade of lip color.

Dark brown eyes are very versatile when it comes to color accents, and dark brown eyes are such a beautiful feature to have, I would play them up. Compliment your brown eyes with pale pinks, or accent the brown with gold and deep rusts. Have you tried using eyeliner to add definition? One look is to use one sheer glittery eye shadow used all over in combination with a softly smudged liner for a more sophisticated look.

I would definitely recommend you have a play with colored eyeliners. Dark brown eyes look stunning lined in shades of plum mix with a pale mauve shadow, aubergine mix with a shimmery light pink shadow, raisin mix with a mushroom soft brown shadow. Just remember to combine with a lighter shadow or your eyes may look more dramatic. There are various methods of using eyeliner. Pencils are the most versatile eye-defining tools, as you can start softly, blending each layer back if it starts to become too heavy looking. Pencil can be smudged softly, or add depth under an eye shadow for a muted look, or used alone for strongly defined eyes.

Liquid eyeliner is much more dramatic, and can be applied over top of your eye pencil for added intensity, or used under eye shadow to enhance your eye shape. Both of these techniques ensure longwearing eyeliner.

For the most natural way to line your eyes, use a small, firm brush and apply eye shadow as your eyeliner. Make the most of your dark brown eyes, using soft pinks to really bring them out. Use brown mascara for day, and a black/brown mascara for evening or special occasions. Keep eyeliner to a minimum though. Just use it to softly frame your eyes. Avoid all black as it tends to be too strong. Chocolates, deep plums and charcoals smudged into your lashes will do the trick. You might like to try adding a very subtle contour in a soft mushroom color on your brow bone just above your crease and blend this softly.

On the days you feel like your eyes need a pick-me-up, jazz up your eye make-up a little. Graduating your eye makeup from at your lash line to your brow will give your eyes more depth. Use the darkest shade along your lash line, and merge into lighter shades nearer your brow. Contouring and shading can create the illusion of different eye shapes. By using dark to minimize and light to make larger, you can play with altering the length and size of your eyes. ?

If you just want to keep it simple, sweep a shimmery pastel shadow all over your lid, curl your lashes, apply 2 to 3 coats dark grey charcoal or dark brown mascara, and add a few individual false lashes on the outer corner of your eyes!

Have fun discovering your new colors.

The most important motorcycle accessory is eyewear. It protects the eyes from flying insects, dust particles, cigarette stubs or any other debris that may be propelled through the air by powerful winds. The danger is caused not by the size of the particles but the speed at which these objects may hit the rider’s eye. Another danger that riders face is from headlamp glare. This can be especially disconcerting at night. Bikers should also not forget that they need to protect their eyes from harmful rays of the sun.

The best way to avoid these dangers is to use good quality sunglasses, spectacles or the helmet shield. They must ensure that their sunglasses are able to cut off UV light. They must also ensure that the glasses are shatterproof, and strong enough to withstand the impact of flying debris. The same applies to helmet shields. It must be made of good quality plastic that does not hamper vision, keeps out glare and should not crack or shatter when hit by a flying object.

Some riders make the mistake of borrowing sunglasses used by their friends. This is not a good practice. To be safe, the sunglasses must fit snugly. Loose sunglasses can always fly away on impact or slide down the nose. Such glasses can cause an accident because the rider has to adjust them often.

A good solution is to buy sunglasses that are made of nylon and metal. These glasses fit better, and can cause less damage to the rider in case of an accident. The rider must also not try to save dollars when buying riding glasses. The eyes are precious, and need the best protection. While buying sunglasses, the rider must look at branded eyewear like Chanel Sunglasses, Rayban Sunglasses or Gucci Sunglasses. These sunglasses will provide the right fit and protection.

The sunglasses can be bought both online and offline. However, it is advisable that you buy the sunglasses from a shop, ideally a shop that also employs an optician. This allows you to select the sunglass that fits you well. You can also check the weight of the sunglass, and the pressure that they exert on the nose. Sunglasses that are heavy may become an irritation in the long run.

You have the option of ordering sunglasses from an online store too. It is quite possible that you may even get a handsome discount. But then you can never be sure of the fit. It is therefore best to personally try the sunglass before buying it.

Shooting outdoors using available light is fun, which gives good results with compact digital cameras. But have you ever tried shooting in poorly-lit rooms indoors, and using the flash to light the people? If you have, you might have noticed something strange happening with the subject’s eyes, which appear glowing red on many snapshots. The ‘demonic’ look of your friends and relatives can make your photographs appear ruined.

But wait! Don’t trash your pictures just yet! You didn’t go digital for no reason, and one of the benefits digital photography gives you as opposed to film is the ease of fixing minor issues like this. All is not lost, and this effect can be easily corrected if you have the right tools.

You might wonder why the red eyes, and what’s the cause? This common effect is officially called red-eye, and is a well-known phenomenon in the world of photography. It happens because of the flash being too fast for someone’s eye to close the pupil. The light emitted by the flash bounces off the back surface of the eye, and makes the subject’s eyes appear to be glowing red on snapshots. The red-eye effect is especially pronounced in children and in people with grey or blue eyes.

Professional photographers fight red-eye by using dedicated, big and heavy flash units that bounce light off the ceilings or walls. With a compact digital camera that’s simply not possible. After all, it does not make any sense to carry around a flash that is twice as big and heavy as your camera!

Modern cameras are equipped with red-eye reduction modes that fire the flash several times to allow pupils to close, but honestly this technology isn’t even remotely effective on small snapshot-type cameras. You’re generally much better off using dedicated software on your computer to correct pictures for the red-eye.

“Oh, no!” you might think. “Would I have to spend hours fixing dozens of snapshots? It’s boring!”

You’re absolutely right! We agree it’s no fun fixing multiple shots. To save time and effort, we developed a unique product that fixes the red-eye in all of your digital pictures completely automatically, and requires absolutely no intervention on your part!

Stop spending hours in graphic editors! No need to open pictures one by one, and manually select and fix the eyes! No degrading your pictures quality by re-saving JPEGs! StopRedEye! will do the job for you automatically and in the best possible way. It’ll only retouch those parts of the image that need correction and won’t cause the quality loss that would inevitably happen should you open your picture in an editor and save it again in JPEG format.

To fix red eyes in your digital snapshots, simply select them and click “Start Correction” in StopRedEye! The program will handle the rest – automatically. It’ll take a bunch of photos you’ve just selected, automatically detect human faces, discover and check the eyes, and fix the eyes by giving them back their natural color. And did I mention that it all happens automatically? You can sit and watch, or make and have some coffee in the process – without affecting the result!

Every time you open and save a JPEG digital picture in an editor its quality is decreased. That’s inevitable with regular image editing tools due to the nature of the JPEG compression algorithm. But why degrade the entire image quality if you need to fix just a tiny part of it? StopRedEye! employs a unique algorithm that makes the red-eye correction lossless. It extracts and retouches only the small parts of an image that contain the eyes, and does not affect the rest of the picture. Thanks to this unique feature, your image quality will not be negatively affected by StopRedEye!

Do you want some numbers? We analyzed StopRedEye! performance on a sample of 1200 different pictures, and are happy to share the results with you. StopRedEye! can find and correct red eyes in 98% of our tested samples. This means if you have a bunch of 100 digital pictures, you’ll only have to deal with an average of two, and the rest will be processed automatically. In 0.1% (that’s one in a thousand!) of pictures it can miss here and there. Each digital picture takes 5 to 7 seconds on a modern PC. If you have a hundred shots, you’ll be done in less than 10 minutes!

StopRedEye! is available as a free evaluation download at: http://www.stopredeye.com/. Don’t take our word for it, check out the StopRedEye! performance on your own pictures!

Laser eye surgery is a medical procedure consisting of the use of laser for reshaping the surface of the cornea. It is used to improve shortsightedness, long sightedness or astigmatism. The first information on laser eye surgery dates back from over twenty years ago, and the FDA approved excimer laser eye surgery in 1995.

During laser eye surgery, an excimer laser, controlled by a computer is used to remove tiny amounts of corneal tissue. The aim of the procedure is to restore normal vision, eliminating the need for glasses or contacts. Although laser surgery has risen in popularity in the past few years, only about 20% of ophthalmologists have been trained to use it.

In one type of laser eye surgery, the outer layer of the cornea, also called epithelium, is removed and an excimer laser is used to reshape underneath tissue. This procedure is called photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

In a newer procedure, a microkeratome is used to cut a flap in the corneal tissue, which is then lifted and an excimer laser is used to reshape underlying tissue. In the end, the flap is put back to its place. This type of laser eye surgery is called laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Nowadays, it is more commonly used than PRK.

What Happens During Laser Eye Surgery Procedure

The surgery should take less than 30 minutes. You will lie on your back, reclining in a chair, or on a table. You may be given a sedative before the procedure, to help you relax.

Local anesthetic eye drops are used before the surgery. The procedure takes a few minutes per eye. The actual time when the laser is used for reshaping the corneal tissue is generally less than a minute. An instrument called a lid speculum will be used to hold your eyelids open. A ring is placed on your eye, and the cutting instrument is attached to the ring. A microkeratome, the cutting instrument, is used to cut a flap in your cornea. A laser is positioned over your eye, and you will be asked to stare at the light. This light is to help you keep your eye fixed in one spot when the laser comes on.

Once your eye is in the correct position, the doctor will turn the laser on. Pulses of laser energy vaporize the corneal tissue, and then the flap is placed back into position

You will need to wear an eye shield for protection after the procedure. This will prevent you from rubbing your eyes, and protect your eye from being accidentally hit or poked until the flap has healed.

After laser eye surgery, you should expect some minor discomfort. However, you should be able to see, although not very clearly. You won’t be able to drive on your own, so you need to have someone drive you home or take a cab. You should see your doctor within the first 24 to 48 hours after surgery, and then at regular intervals for about six months. You will have to wait for up to two weeks before using make-up, creams or lotions, to prevent infection or irritation. You should also avoid swimming and hot tubs for about 6 weeks.

Although you should see well the day after surgery, your vision will continue to improve over the next several months. As the eye heals, your vision will continue to improve. It is important to keep all your follow-up appointments with your doctor, to make sure that everything is going according to plan.

LASIK is the one of the most prevalent corrective eye surgery procedures, chosen by many to alleviate their vision troubles. It’s rightly said that the eyes are the most precious of the five senses, and it’s imperative that we keep them in good health. However, no matter how hard you strive to keep your eyes healthy, vision defects may creep up all the same. Thankfully, LASIK is an efficient procedure to cure all your vision problems.

LASIK is a superlative eye corrective surgery that has state of the art technology and equipment at its disposal. It employs a high-precision laser to achieve precise and much expected results. LASIK vision correction is a simple procedure where the corneal tissue is carved to accomplish desired refraction and improved vision acuity. LASIK vision correction is a mere 20-30 minute chore. A single surgery is normally enough to restore clear vision. Though rare, some patients might have to go through surgical enhancements.

In general, LASIK provides clear vision almost instantly. Many patients experience a significant improvement right after the surgery. However, a few patients may have blurry vision for a day or two, which certainly wears off as soon as the cornea is completely healed. Patients might have to take a few precautions as prescribed by the eye surgeon. This certainly aids in a speedy recovery.

It is recommended that you carry out a basic research when choosing an eye surgeon to perform LASIK vision correction for you. Any type of vision defect should not be ignored. It is essential that you do the needful to correct your vision anomaly. Do bear in mind that LASIK is a superlative option for the same. It is just a matter of making an informed decision and carrying it out.

LASIK vision correction once used to be a procedure that could be accessed by a select few people. However, owing to a lot many finance options, LASIK is now accessible to almost everyone. Therefore, it’s time to throw away those eyeglasses and enjoy life to the fullest through LASIK vision correction.

LASIK is a surgical procedure that can reduce a person’s dependency on glasses or contact lenses. The procedure permanently changes the shape of the cornea (the delicate clear covering on the front of the eye). For clear vision, the eye’s cornea and lens must bend (refract) light rays properly, so that images are focused on the retina. If the light rays aren’t clearly focused on the retina, the images you see are blurry.

LASIK stands for Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis and is a procedure that permanently changes the shape of the cornea, the clear covering of the front of the eye, using an excimer laser.

What is the real difference between conventional Laser Eye Surgery and Custom LASIK Eye Surgery?

Conventional Laser Eye Surgery

Conventional Laser Eye Surgery treats the vast majority of common optical aberrations called “lower order” aberrations. These are responsible for causing nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. Custom LASIK Eye Surgery provides a more precise treatment for patients who have “higher order” aberrations, which we can now measure with the Aberrometer. For these patients, customized laser eye surgery may provide a better quality of vision by measuring and addressing all of these aberrations as part of the treatment plan.

During LASIK surgery, a small incision is made in the cornea to create a flap. Then, a laser beam works within the cornea to reshape it for vision correction. After the reshaping, the flap is put back into place and serves as a sort of natural bandage.

Will I Need Reading Glasses After the Treatment?

Generally, patients under 40 years of age read well without glasses following the treatment. Patients over 40 may need magnification for reading fine print.

Presbyopia is the term that refers to the natural weakening of the focusing muscles that occurs in our early to mid 40s, causing us to need the magnification that reading glasses provide. The LASIK treatment does not correct or prevent presbyopia. We also will be glad to discuss another option called monovision.

What are some of the possible complications of Lasik eye surgery?

Undercorrection – this occurs when the expected vision correction falls short of the desired outcome. This occurs more commonly with patients who have a high degree of nearsightedness (only objects close up are clear), farsightedness (only objects far away are clear) or astigmatism (images both far and near are distorted). Why? There is more laser corneal sculpting that needs to occur with patients having higher degrees of vision imperfection. When choosing your Lasik eye surgeon, it’s important to ask them what percentage of their patients need retreatment for undercorrection. This should be something that they are willing to freely discuss with you. If not, walk away! This is not to be confused with a planned slight undercorrection for nearsighted patients over forty years old which aids their reading vision. But this is something that you and your Lasik eye surgeon would have discussed before your surgery.

Overcorrection – this complication occurs less frequently than undercorrection and results when the amount of correction (corneal laser sculpting) exceeds what is planned. Slight overcorrection can be temporary and may resolve itself in the first month following Lasik eye surgery. Patients can manage slight overcorrections by wearing glasses until their vision resolves. Some patients with overcorrection may need additional Lasik eye surgery 3 to 6 months following their first surgery.

Dry Eye – many Lasik eye surgery patients may experience the feeling of ‘grittiness’ in their eyes following surgery. This condition usually resolves itself in 3 to 6 months and may be helped by using lubricating eye drops. Patients using birth control pills and patients going through menopause may experience this condition more often. If ‘dry eye’ continues beyond 6 months, your Lasik eye surgeon may recommend blocking your tear ducts with tiny silicon plugs to prevent tears from draining away too quickly.

Corneal abrasion – a small percentage of Lasik eye surgery patients may develop a small corneal abrasion (scrape) caused by the microkeratome (instrument used to create corneal flap) used during surgery. This abrasion is generally not serious and will heal quickly. Your Lasik eye surgeon may temporarily place a thin bandage contact lens on your eye to promote healing. While your abrasion is healing, your vision will be blurry.

Night glare – this annoying condition may not affect your vision clarity but patients may see halos or ghosting of images at night during the first month following surgery. Night glare generally improves in 3 months and often disappears within 6 months. Patients with large pupils and more severe vision impairment may be more prone to night glare.

Corneal flap complication – this occurs when the corneal flap is too small, too thin or is an irregular shape. In some cases the corneal flap may shift slightly following surgery if a patient rubs their eyes during the first 6 hours after surgery. If the flap does shift, ‘wrinkles’ can form causing distorted vision. A second procedure may be necessary to ‘smooth out’ the wrinkles and improve vision.

Infection – although this is the most feared complication of Lasik eye surgery patients, it is extremely rare. If your eye is going to become infected, chances are it will happen in the first 72 hours following surgery and will be treated with antibiotic eye drops. For this reason it is very important to avoid eye makeup, hot tubs and swimming pools for at least the first week following Lasik eye surgery.

The risks of Lasik eye surgery are low with an experienced Lasik eye surgeon but you need to be aware of possible complications prior to surgery. Your Lasik eye surgeon should freely discuss all possible complications of Lasik eye surgery prior to surgery. Do everything you can to put your eyes in the best possible hands.

LASIK (Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis) is a common type of eye surgery that many are using to be able to decrease their dependency on glasses and contact lenses.

LASIK is a method of refractive surgery that is a regular procedure, often used for treating nearsightedness. Its popularity is due to the improvement of vision, without the major side effects that other eye surgery methods may produce.

With the eye being one of the most sensitive areas of the body, it might be somewhat surprising to learn that the LASIK procedure is relatively simple. In fact it’s not uncommon for those patients that have undergone the procedure to be working again the following day.

The eye is firstly washed out with a solution to numb the area. The next step is to hold the eyelids open using clamps. This will prevent blinking. After the solution begins to take effect, the surgeon will make an incision in the cornea. Once enough tissue is removed using the laser, the surgeon can then close where the incision is made, and the procedure is complete.

The benefits of LASIK eye surgery is there for all to see (excuse the pun!). Thousands of people have undergone the procedure, but for some the apprehension to go through with eye surgery may be attributed to the main benefits not being made clear, which are mainly two-fold:

1) The possibility to live life without the need for glasses or contact lenses.

2) An increase in the quality of vision.

The cost of having LASIK eye surgery performed can vary. The price depends on factors such as the equipment used for the surgery and also the testing carried out before the procedure. You may find that different providers will perform different levels of testing, so ensure that you research into different providers and find out what is included in the price. Of course you cannot put a price on your vision, but there is certainly no harm in discovering which provider offers the required features in the quoted price. One point that must be considered though is to find a surgeon that has experience with the procedure. Do not simply opt for the cheapest as they may not necessarily be the best.

There are a number of methods used to surgically correct eyesight nowadays but the most popular choice is Lasik (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis). However before the use of modern technology such as laser beams and computers, the original technique was Radial Keratotomy (RK). This involved an Ophthalmic surgeon with a steady hand and a sharp scalpel to make a series of radial cuts in the cornea (the front ‘window’ of the eye), which when healed, would flatten and therefore reshape the cornea. This would theoretically correct short sightedness. The problems occurred mainly due to the fact that the depth of the incisions could cause weakening and progressive flattening of the cornea, after the procedure. This could lead to a number of defects such as progressively blurring vision and starburst patterns around lights.

With the advent of the laser, a more modern method became the norm, called Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK). This procedure involved the removal of the outer cells of the cornea (epithelium), and then reshaping the corneal surface with an excimer laser, a procedure known as ablation. The epithelial cells were then allowed to grow back normally. Because epithelial cells on the eye regenerate exceptionally quickly the cornea would generally heal completely within a few days. This technique was certainly more successful than RK but did have its own complications. Side effects such as halos round lights and reduced contrast vision were experienced by almost everyone, along with some corneal ‘hazing’. Although serious complications were rare there was always the risk of infection due to the lack of epithelium protection during the healing phase.

Then in 1990 LASIK surgery was developed by a Dr.Lucio Buratto of Italy and Dr. Ioannis Pallikaris of Greece, and it quickly became popular because of fewer complications and was certainly more accurate. The procedure involves cutting a corneal ‘flap’ with a special high precision blade called a microkeratome. This flap was then folded back with the front surface epithelium still intact. The cornea can then be reshaped with the laser and the flap is laid back down. The epithelial cells that were cut with the microkeratome quickly heal and therefore the outer surface is a nice continuous layer that securely holds the flap in place permanently. Although quite uncommon, some complications such as dry eyes, debris under the flap, ghosting or poor vision to name a few, do occur from time to time.

Another technique that is also used nowadays is LASEK or Laser-Assisted Sub-Epithelial Keratectomy (as opposed to LASIK). It can be used if the cornea is too thin to undergo lasik surgery where the microkeratome cuts deeper than the epithelium. In LASEK, the epithelium is peeled off as a layer to allow laser ablation underneath. During the procedure the epithelial layer is preserved with a special chemical solution and then replaced afterwards, so as to allow natural healing. There is generally more pain and slower visual recovery with this technique.

PRK and LASEK allow the epithelial layer to heal entirely and therefore don’t run the risks of a dislocated corneal flap which can occur due to trauma, even after many years with LASIK. However, the latter is still the most commonly used procedure.

There is still a lot of fear amongst many about the long term effects of laser surgery, but it has been around for quite a while now in its different forms. It seems that more and more people are opting for this surgery, due to a number of reasons whether they be for convenience or cosmetic. With the information technology of the internet, increased knowledge on the subject is much more widespread, so barring any major negative eventualities this trend will almost certainly continue.

LASIK eye surgery is a medical procedure using a laser on the eye of a patient who has eyesight problems. LASIK is an acronym for Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileuses. LASIK can be used to improve the eyesight of patients who are far-sighted, near-sighted or have an astigmatism. After LASIK surgery has been performed, patients with these types of eyesight problems should not have to wear eyeglasses or contact lenses.

LASIK is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by an eye surgeon nowadays. It has become very popular because of it’s pain-free operation and because of its more or less instantaneous results. This is the major advantage that LASIK has over other surgical procedures to correct imperfect vision. After a couple of days rest you will soon see a definite improvement in your eyesight.

The surgical procedure itself is quick and virtually painless, and is performed under local anaesthetic. It consists of the eye surgeon cutting a hinged flap in the cornea which is then folded back to expose the lens of the eye. A laser from an instrument called a ‘microkeratome’ is used to vaporize aberrations and reshape the cornea so that the image focuses on the correct part of the retina, therefore improving the vision. The hinged flap in the cornea is then folded back into place for healing.

You will see two main types of LASIK surgery being advertised. Traditional LASIK surgery and Wavefront LASIK. Conventional LASIK surgery corrects the focusing power of the eye by remodelling the shape of the lens with the aid of laser. Wavefront LASIK is a variation of the traditional procedure and produces a spatially varying correction based on readings from a wavefront sensor. A wavefront sensor measures the eye itself by detecting any aberrations on the cornea. It achieves this by sending a weak laser source into the eye, and by measuring and processing the reflection off the retina. The Wavefront laser procedure is carried out using computer aided equipment and doctors have reported improved eyesight results from Wavefront over traditional LASIK surgery.

Although beneficial to thousands of patients, as is usually the case there can also be some disadvantages to LASIK eye surgery. Firstly, it can be an expensive treatment and prices can vary from area to area and from doctor to doctor. Secondly, as in all surgical procedures, there can be post-surgery complications. Common complications include patients developing glare and halos and possibly double vision which can affect night time vision capability. Others develop severe dry eye syndrome which may need to be treated with drops or cream for the rest of your life. However, complications in LASIK surgery are rare and the vast majority of patients benefit from almost perfect vision without eyeglasses or contacts after surgery.

If you decide to proceed with LASIK surgery you should carefully research the subject to find out as much as possible about the procedure. You should also research the eye surgeons that perform the surgery and if possible act on personal referral. Keep in mind that when pricing the surgery that not all advertisements for LASIK quote the full and final price and many have add-on costs. Finally, before proceeding with the surgery, make sure to have a thorough conversation with your eye surgeon so that you are fully aware of all the benefits and risks.

The question that goes through the mind of most every person considering LASIK eye correction surgery is whether or not it is safe. For those who don’t know, LASIK or “Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis” is a type of vision correction surgery in which surgery is performed on the cornea of the eye using a laser.

Many who consider this surgery often have concerns of whether or not it is safe. Only through thoroughly understanding the procedure and the possible consequences can one make such a determination. LASIK surgery is most definitely not for everyone and knowing what makes you a good candidate can help you make that decision.

The first thing to remember is that LASIK surgery is a biological procedure and as with any biological procedure the human body may or may not accept it. This means that there is no one hundred percent surefire way to know that it will work or not. Needless to say, we as a society take these kinds of risks every day and may not even know it. For example, we drive to work every day and leave ourselves open to unsafe drivers yet we outweigh the dangers because it is important for us to get to work everyday to support ourselves.

Commonly, LASIK surgery is very successful. The amount of long term complications is less than half a percent. These odds are fairly great of a successful procedure compared to many other types of surgeries. The most common problems associated with LASIK surgery are as follows:

• Blurred Vision (temporary or long term)
• Loss of eyesight (or may be worse than before)
• Over correction or under correction
• Inability to drive at night due to night blindness

Most of the complications listed above may be treated with additional surgical procedures and are fairly uncommon for the most part. LASIK surgery on the other hand have given people eyesight with as good as 20/20 vision and given people a chance to see without the help of contacts or glasses. Who seems to make a good candidate for Lasik Eye Surgery are those who’s vision have impaired them from normal day-to-day functions. This often justifies the reason for getting such a surgery. Many surgeons usually recommend these types of patients over the ones strictly wanting a type of cosmetic surgery in which they no longer have to wear glasses. Knowing this can help you decide whether or not the risks are greater than or less than the value of a successful LASIK procedure.

If you have poor eyesight and you have worn eyeglasses or contact lenses all your life, then you might want to consider LASIK eye surgery.

LASIK is the acronym for Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileuses. This is a procedure where the patient has to undergo surgery to reduce or totally eliminate a person’s poor eyesight.

There are certain eye imperfections that cause poor eyesight. Examples of these are:

– Astigmatism

A person with astigmatism sees ‘distorted’ imaged which is a result of deformities or irregularities on the lenses of the eyes.

– Nearsightedness

A person who is nearsighted has a condition called myopia. Here, the patient experiences difficulties seeing objects at a distance.

– Farsightedness

On the other hand, a person who is farsighted sees far objects without difficulty but the same does not apply to near objects. This condition is
also called hyperopia.

To treat these ailments, LASIK eye surgery is used, and this is the most common method of refractive surgery performed for patients nowadays.

‘The Procedure’

In LASIK surgery, there is a knife-like tool that is mainly used for the procedure: the microkeratome.

This is used to produce a very thin and rounded flap in the clear, outer layer covering the front or the eye which is the cornea. A more technologically-advanced way to create this flap is by the use of laser.

The shape of the cornea is changed permanently once this surgery is performed.

After the flap on one side of the eye is produced, this is folded back to reveal the stroma. The stroma is the mid-section of the cornea.

Afterwards, the microkeratome or the laser beam will vaporize a part of the stroma by producing computer-controlled pulses.

Then, the flap is put back into place after making the necessary corrections.

There are other types of refractive surgery that may be performed on a patient,depending on the degree of visual disability.

‘The Pros & Cons’

This type of surgery that aims to correct poor vision is very popular. Why do you think this is so? Here is a list of the advantages of LASIK eye surgery:

1. You will not feel pain while undergoing the procedure.

2. The results are immediate. Right after the surgery, you will experience an improvement with your eyesight. At the very least, you will get to literally “see” results a day or two after the operation.

Still, there is a downside to this type of medical procedure. Take a look at some of them and decide for yourself if undergoing the surgery is worth the risk:

1. Complications may arise.

Different patients respond differently to treatment. If there are certain health issued that your doctor is not aware of, the procedure may not have positive results.

2. There are certain jobs or profession which prohibit an employee undergoing LASIK eye surgery.

Be sure to check with your employer first if you think that this surgery might in any way inhibit you from doing your work.

3. The procedure is quite costly.

Over the years and because of its gaining popularity, the costs have gone down considerably.

However, it is still quite a hefty amount to squeeze out of your pocket if you are on a budget.

If you plan to undergo this type of surgery, ask your doctor about the
rates.

‘Should You Do It?’

If you are not the type of person to boldly take risks,LASIK eye surgery may not be right for you.

Before deciding to undergo the procedure, make sure that you know about the costs, health risks and take all the necessary precautions.

Also, talk with your doctor about what you should do before, during and after the surgery.

Ask them what you can expect to feel and the results that you will get right after the procedure.

Is Lasik in your future?

Millions of Americans turn to Lasik Surgery when their vision is less than perfect and they’re tired of being tied down to wearing glasses or contacts. What part of the eye is it that may be causing all your vision trouble? Your cornea! When the shape of your cornea is irregular, the image on your retina is blurry and out-of-focus. The cornea is a part of your eye that works to focus light and projects an image on the retina. This focusing of light is called refraction. The 3 main types of refractive errors are myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness) and astigmatism. If you are nearsighted, you have trouble seeing distant objects. If you are farsighted, you have trouble seeing things close up.  Astigmatism is caused by irregularities in the surface of the cornea or lens and causes the image on the retina to be distorted. It’s not uncommon for a person to have a combination of all 3 refractive errors, myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. Before Lasik Surgery, glasses and contact lenses were the main ways to compensate for your eye’s imperfections.

What exactly is Lasik?

Lasik stands for Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis. Keratomileusis is the carving of the cornea in order to reshape it. As the laser reshapes the cornea, it changes the angle at which you see images and therefore strengthens your vision significantly. This reshaping adjusts and strengthens the power of your cornea to focus on objects near and far. If you are nearsighted, your doctor uses the laser to flatten your cornea that is too-steep. If you are farsighted, your doctor uses the laser to make your cornea steeper because it is too flat. For astigmatism, the laser can be used to smooth an irregular cornea into a more smooth shape. There are few other procedures like Lasik Eye Surgery that can give you these amazing results and permanently change the shape of your cornea in just minutes.

OK, I’m convinced, now what?

Start by talking to family, friends and co-workers. Who do you know that has had Lasik Surgery? Did they have a good outcome? How long were they out of work? How much did they pay? Did they have to pay the total price prior to the surgery? Would they recommend their surgeon to you? Then armed with this information, begin researching what surgeon you would like to schedule an initial consultation with. Ask lots of questions and keep a notebook of all the details that you learn. You’ve taken your first step toward better vision with Lasik Surgery!

LASIK is a surgical procedure that is capable of correcting a wide range of nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia) and astigmatism. More than 1 million patients undergo the LASIK procedure in the United States each year.

Most patients notice an improvement in their vision immediately upon completion of their surgery. By the next day, vision is often dramatically improved. However, patients should understand that while fast visual recovery characterizes the operation, it can take several months before some patients achieve their final vision after LASIK. Several studies demonstrate that the vision of a number of patients continued to improve up to six months post-operatively. During that time, patients may experience slight fluctuations in vision throughout the day. These symptoms generally diminish with time.

For some patients, vision after LASIK matches the sharpness of vision they had with glasses or contact lenses before the procedure. However, an estimated 1.5 million LASIK patients still face a return to glasses as their near vision begins to diminish with age. Fortunately, there’s another procedure-recently approved by the FDA-to help treat presbyopia, the common condition known as “aging eyes.”

NearVision CK (conductive keratoplasty) is currently being used by refractive surgeons to improve near vision in presbyopic patients, and is also being studied for its effectiveness in patients with a history of LASIK vision correction to treat nearsightedness (myopia). The preliminary clinical data holds promise for the millions of successful LASIK patients who aren’t interested in renewing their dependence on corrective lenses.

Boasting one of the highest safety profiles in the refractive market, NearVision CK uses gentle radio waves instead of a laser or scalpel, bringing near vision back into focus without cutting or removing of tissue-all during a painless procedure that takes just minutes to perform. Most post-LASIK NearVision CK trial patients recount dramatic changes in their ability to perform everyday tasks without glasses, including:

• 95 percent of patients were able to read a computer screen, compared to only 67 percent prior to the NearVision treatment; and

• Only 29 percent of patients were able to read menus or golf scorecards without glasses, but more than 86 percent were able to do so post-NearVision CK.

The refractive state of your eye can be improved and you can decrease the need for wearing glasses through Refractive Eye Surgery. The most common method of surgery followed today is Laser surgery, where lasers are used to reshape the cornea. Laser surgery is the greatest achievement in ophthalmology. Lasers are usually used to treat non refractive conditions.

What is LASIK?

LASIK is one of the most popular types of laser eye surgery. LASIK stands for Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis. This procedure can permanently reshape the cornea, which is the clear covering of the front of the eye, and change its focus power using an excimer laser. Millions of patients have been treated using LASIK, using of a wide variety of different lasers. This procedure can be used to correct myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.

Prior to the surgery:

Before you undergo LASIK surgery you will have to get your eyes examined by a doctor to see if you are a good candidate. If you wear contact lenses, you will have to stop using them for 1 to 4 weeks before the surgery and switch to wearing your glasses, to allow the cornea to return to its original shape, or else this can have negative consequences like inaccurate measurements and a poor surgical plan; resulting in poor vision after surgery. These measurements would decide how much corneal tissue is to be removed, and have to be repeated a week after your first evaluation as well as before surgery, to see that the measurements have not changed.

It is important that you tell your doctor all about your past and present medical eye conditions, and also the medications you are taking or if you are allergic to any medicines. Then on the day of the surgery you will be given a numbing drop so that you do not feel pain, although some patients do experience some discomfort. The area around your eye will be cleaned and a lid speculum will be used, which is an instrument to hold your eyelids open. A suction ring will be placed on your eye and suction will be created by applying very high pressure to the cornea. As a result of this, your vision will dim and the pressure may cause some discomfort.

During the surgery:

A small device called a microkeratome will be attached to the suction ring; the blade of which will be used to cut a thin flap on your cornea. The flap is created, exposing cornea tissue. After this, both the microkeratome and the suction ring will be removed. The doctor will now lift the flap and fold it back on its hinge, exposing a layer of tissue called the stroma – the middle section of the cornea.

You will be made to focus on a particular spot and the doctor will begin the laser to remove the corneal tissue, according to the measurements taken at the initial examination. The flap is then put back into position and left to heal.

After the surgery:

As no stitches are required, you will just have to wear an eye patch as protection to prevent rubbing, getting poked, or any kind of pressure that might disturb the healing process. It may take up to three to six months for your vision to stabilize after surgery.

It is important that you know all about Laser Surgery before you go through with it – the benefits as well as the side effects if there are any. Consult with your doctor, as only he will be able to tell you if this surgery will be good for you. Once you have all the information needed, you can make the decision whether or not you wish to go ahead with the surgery, and give yourself the opportunity to see the world in a whole new way!

Dear Dr. Seckel, Is eyelid rejuvenation the same as reducing circles and drooping under the eyes? I’m not sure about this. My problem is under my eyes which makes me look tired and older. Do I need a blepharoplasty or eyelid lift? Thank you, Florence, Boston, MA.

June 28th, 2006

Dear Florence,

Thank you very much for your inquiry about eyelid rejuvenation.

The short answer to your question is yes, eyelid rejuvenation refers to the correction of loose skin, puffiness and dark circles under the eye which makes a person look tired.

Some patients who only have wrinkles and old looking skin can be made to look much better with a Laserlyte peel also called an ActiveFX Laser Peel and Botox. We are the only center in Boston who has experience with this eyelid rejuvenation technique. The Laserlyte peel or Active-FX Peel with the Lumenis Ultrapulse Encore CO2 Lyte is the newest and best technology available.

Most patients however need an eyelid rejuvenation procedure called a blepharoplasty to make the lower eyelid look refreshed and young.

I also use the laser to do this procedure and use a modern technique called a transconjunctival laser blepharoplasty which involves a tiny incision on the inside of the eyelid to correct the aging changes. The benefit is that there is no visible scar on the outside of the eyelid and the natural shape of the eyelid is not changed.

Most other Plastic Surgeons do this operation through a scalpel incision on the outside of the eyelid which leaves a scar and changes the shape of the eyelid.

Finally, to remove dark circles under the eyes we do a procedure called an arcus marginalis release and fat grafting or tear trough implant to plump up the dark circle. This is a new technique and is also done through the inside transconjunctival incision.

I would be delighted to offer you a complimentary consultation in Boston to discuss your situation.

Sincerely,
Dr Seckel

Though it is the most prevalent of laser eye surgeries, LASIK has its share of complications. The post-operative complication rate is estimated from 3% to 6%. LASIK eye surgery involves cutting a flap of the corneal tissue with a hinge being left at one end of the flap. The flap is then folded back to reveal the stroma, the middle section of the cornea. After reshaping the corneal tissue with the aid of a high precision laser, typically the excimer laser, the flap is repositioned so as to remain in place by natural adhesion until it heals completely.

The LASIK procedure entails certain flap complications. Among the post-operative flap complications, a slipped flap is one of the most common. The corneal flap created during the operation may inadvertently detach from the rest of the cornea. It is imperative that the patient goes home and sleeps after surgery so as to let the flap heal, since the chances of flap dislocation are the greatest immediately after the surgery.

Other types of flap complications include folds in flaps and undesired epithelial in-growth. Post-operative folds in flap typically necessitate repositioning of the flap. Flap related problems are relatively common when it comes to LASIK complications. But they rarely lead to a permanent visual acuity loss. Moreover, the occurrence of flap complications decreases with increased surgeon experience. An expert LASIK surgeon, wielding superlative equipment, is far less likely to commit an error during the surgery.

Since LASIK entails the removal of a part of the corneal tissue, the cornea becomes thinner as a result of the procedure. Myopic shifts at extreme altitudes have been attributable to this thinning of the corneal surface. LASIK technology has advanced in leaps and bounds, with much advanced and risk free procedures available today. Owing to this, the chances of flap complications are rather minuscule. Moreover, there isn’t a large body of conclusive evidence so as to assert the chances of any long-term flap complications due to LASIK.

In summary, LASIK is a viable and safe procedure when it comes to correcting a variety of refractive errors. Furthermore, whatever small flap complications may arise can be rectified with ease.

Finding a LASIK surgery that you are confident about will be able to give you more information about the risks of laser eye surgery.

Though LASIK is a safe and effective procedure, with the latest technological equipment at its disposal, it is simply not suitable for everyone. There are several factors that might preclude the possibility of LASIK surgery for a particular patient. One such crucial aspect is pregnancy.

A woman is not suitable for undergoing LASIK surgery if she is pregnant or nursing. In addition, a woman who has conceived of late or is expected to be pregnant within the following six months is advised to postpone surgery. Typically, a nursing mother should defer for at least two months in the wake of the nursing period.

Pregnancy entails significant hormonal changes, which typically cause dramatic fluctuations in a woman’s refractive state. As a result, a preoperative examination conducted during pregnancy might not reveal a truly accurate refractive error. Therefore, the measurements are all askew and so is the determined amount of surgical correction to rectify the refractive error. Consequently, the patient is operated upon based on a false reading and the induced correction is inappropriate. Moreover, if the refractive fluctuation occurs during recovery from eye surgery, it would be impossible to decipher whether the change in vision is due to pregnancy or LASIK surgery.

Another prominent reason to decide against eye surgery during pregnancy is that the surgery is believed to worsen the dry eye condition in pregnant women. LASIK also has potential complications, which might add to the discomfort faced during pregnancy. Furthermore, the medication administered to counter complications may be hazardous for the fetus in a pregnant women’s womb or may pass to an infant through lactation in the case of a nursing mother.

You must adhere to the advice of your eye surgeon as to when you may undergo surgery, bearing in mind your pregnancy issue.

Often times called ophthalmic surgery, eye surgery, is a surgical procedure that is preformed on the eye or eye region. This type of surgery, due to it’s nature, is typically performed by an ophthalmatolgist; hence the original name ophthalmic surgery.

There is several different types of eye surgery. The most common are described below:

PRK (PhotoRefractive Keratectomy):
PRK surgery is when the most oustide layer of the cornea is scraped away manually and an excimer laser is used to reshape the tissues located underneath the surface of the cornea. After the corrective eye surgery is done the outer layer must be grown back, in order for the eye to be protected again. Due to this, PRK is known for having a large recovery time. There as some advanced methods avaiable today that use a different excimer laser which vaporizes the epthithelium, however it is not widely used.

LASEK (Laser Assisted Sub-Epithelial Keratomileusis)
LASEK is advanced form of PRK(see below) that uses an alcholic solution on the epithelium which softens the surface before it is removed. With this procedure the epithelium can be replaces once the surgery is finished.

Epi-LASEK
Epi-LASEK is similar to LASEK however it uses a type of barrier to preserve the epithelium layer, which is then replaced after the surgery. The reason for this extra step is to try and help cut down post surgery discomfort, and increase the amount of time required for healing.

As you can see their is several different methods of laser eye surgery; These aren’t even all of them! If you think that eye surgery might be right for you, or are interested in obtaining more information it is recommended to consult with your local physician and eye doctor.

I wear eyeglasses because when I was small I used to love reading books, still do but as a result, as my mum says, my eyesight is weak. My family members are lucky because they don’t need any aid for vision. I have been called many names for wearing eyeglasses, including “4 eyes” and “scientist”.

I have tried wearing contact lenses; they are one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century but unfortunately they didn’t work out for me. This is because I have a habit of washing my face and splashing my eyes, during washing 2 or 3 times a day with cold water. I lost quite a few contact lenses as a result. I stopped splashing my eyes with cold water when my mum threatened me that she would put cello tap on my eyes. Still those were not a good choice for me because I suffer from hay fever, and I constantly have to rub my eyes and put eye drops, especially in summer when the pollen count is higher.

Some people are lucky, doesn’t matter whichever eyeglasses they wear they look cool and intelligent. I am not one of those lucky ones I suppose and which my brother reminds me almost everyday. When I first heard about laser eye surgery I thought that my prayers have been answered. Finally a way for me to get rid of my glasses and contact lenses, I thought. Is it?

While laser eye surgery could be the best solution for someone like myself but this is not without certain risks. The word surgery itself is quite scary, but the good news it, it takes less then a minute for the laser procedure. The problem is you have to be the right candidate for it. Which means if you decide to have eye surgery and contact the laser eye clinic, the eye professional will ask you or give you a list of questions to answer. Based upon your answers and medical history, the eye professional will decide the best option for you. In some cases eye professional might show you the door, because it might be better for you not to have the eye surgery.

The procedure actually involves removing a hair thin part of your cornea for the best vision to be achieved. The good thing is it can cure imperfections in the eyes, nearsightedness, farsightedness or even astigmatism. It takes few days for recovery but after that your eyes are cured and you won’t need any aid for vision. The risk is low with laser eye surgery because the decision is not in your hand. You can decide to get the eye surgery but if you are not the best candidate your surgeon will refuse to carry out because of the risks involved.

Even if you are the best candidate the eye professional will still inform you about the risks involved after the surgery. Since computer is used for controlling laser to remove tissue, you can be assured that the procedure or surgery will be almost perfect. As with any other surgery, you must remember that no surgeon in his right mind would give you any sort of guarantee. Some people have complained about night vision problem and light sensitivity after the surgery but the numbers are very small. Some statistic shows problems of about 3 to 4 in 5000 so realistically numbers are very small.

Other risks of laser eye surgery, which have been noted in some people, include double vision, dry eye syndrome, I have mentioned already about light sensitivity and night vision problems. Some people would still need eyeglasses even after the surgery. These are the risks your eye professional or surgeon will inform you as well. You must remember to inform eye surgeon your medical history, any eye diseases you might have, even if you suffer from hay fever you must inform your eye surgeon.

So far the statistic shows that there is improvement in vision but not all of them who have got it done achieved a perfect vision. As the time progresses we would be able to find more about it in few years time. One thing is for sure laser eye surgery is here to stay, because the eye surgeons are much more careful and the success rate is higher and is ever increasing day by day. Another good news is the prices are also going down day by day as the people are queuing up to get it done.

A word of warning, if you have family members like mine then it would be best if you let them know about it after you have gone through the eye surgery. My brother did a very through research on the risks and negative side of laser eye surgery. Even he discovered few eye surgeons who wear eyeglasses themselves. I truly confess that it is impossible for me to win an argument with my brother. But this time I am sure that I am on the winning side. You can find more information on the following website address and I hope this would be helpful to you.

Laser Eye Surgery – What are your expectations?

The success of laser eye surgery (as with any elective surgery), is measured by how the outcome matches your before-surgery expectations. Are your expectations realistic? Can your expectations be met by laser eye surgery? It’s your surgeon’s job to help you consider all aspects of good vision prior to your laser eye surgery. Laser eye surgery can greatly improve your vision but no procedure can promise ‘perfect vision’ to every patient. When asked, most people say they expect to have 20/20 vision following laser eye surgery. In truth, most will be satisfied with 20/25 or 20/30 vision.

Laser eye surgery can give mild to moderately nearsighted (distant objects are not clear) patients a 90% chance to be able to drive during the day without glasses. Many of these patients will still need to wear glasses for night driving but most consider this a vast improvement to their vision before surgery. Extremely nearsighted patients who view the world through thick glasses are often not able to be fitted with contacts to correct their vision. For these patients, laser eye surgery can be a life saver and they are some of the most satisfied patients following eye surgery. These patients say that their ability to see without having to wear thick glasses is a life changing event. Many claim they feel more attractive and feel free to play sports for the first time since childhood.

It’s important to realize that good vision is more than being able to read the 20/20 line on your doctor’s eye chart. Having good vision means you also need to consider all the elements of vision:

• depth of field – can you see clearly from near to far

• night vision – can you see clearly in low light conditions

• color vision – are you able to distinguish red from green

• contrast sensitivity – can you distinguish different shades of gray

• bi-ocular vision – do your eyes work together

Will you be happy with your results following laser eye surgery? The best way to insure your happiness is to discuss your expectations with your surgeon. Will you only be happy with ‘perfect’ vision or are you prepared to have slightly less than perfect vision if it means you won’t need to wear contacts or glasses on a daily basis?

My daughter has worn glasses since being 8 years old. She switched to contact lenses at 16. She is 21 now and told me yesterday that she is considering using her savings from her part-time job to get laser eye surgery.

Now I wear glasses and can see that they are inconvenient at times. I tried contacts years ago, before the newest generation of soft daily wear lenses were developed. One day I will get around to trying them again. But I know nothing about laser eye surgery, so I told her I would find out more and then we could talk about it.

I have summarised what I found in the paragraphs below.

Laser eye surgery, or LASIK surgery (Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis ) is one answer for those people who do not want to wear glasses all the time. The surgeon uses a laser to permanently change the shape of the cornea, the tough part at the front of the eye. Because the shape is changed, the eye’s own lens is more able to do all the focussing that’s necessary, reducing the need for glasses or contacts.

There are some risks attached to the procedure, as there are to all surgical procedures, but most patients are pleased with the results.

You do need to be aware of the specific risks and to weigh up how important these negative effects of Lasik surgery are to you.

Some patients develop extended blind spots, they cannot see certain lines on a reading chart or when reading a book and have to move their heads to overcome this.

If you have very strong lenses, for either near sightedness, or long sightedness Lasik surgery may not be very successful.

Some patients develop glare, halos and double vision. All of these symptoms can make life unbearable. Other patients lose vision in low contrast settings, like driving at dusk.

You may develop a severe case of Dry Eye Syndrome. This is a permanent condition that causes discomfort and occasional blurring of vision.

These risks put off a lot of potential patients from having laser eye surgery. They would certainly put me off, and I will do my best to persuade my daughter not to go ahead.

There are unfettered firms which exist only on paper as a front for flogging shares and land investments etc with the promise of extraordinarily high returns when in reality they may be nearly worthless.

Thousands of investors have been caught out by land investment scams like the one happen in Kent popularly known as Kent land scam where very slick, convincing and persistent salespeople ring up and verbally bash them into parting with cash – usually with the line that the land investors is getting in “on the ground floor” and by insisting they hand over cash immediately or lose out on the “opportunity” altogether.

This version of a high return investment is an example of the type of tale that can be woven around these schemes. Whatever the theme the basic idea is designed to part you from an enormous amount of money. Equally the fraudsters or the so called scammers will deter you from disclosing the deal to anyone else for the reason that you are joining an exclusive group who will benefit from an investment which must rely on secrecy.

The simple rule of investing in land is the higher the possible profit, the higher the risk. If anyone claims that a high yield investment has no risk do not believe them.

Remember this – When you are hounded by high pressure techniques hang up. Do not make an immediate decision. Get written information first about the firm, the sales person, and the investment. Does not part with your money until you seek out a professional (lawyer, accountant or broker or solicitors) for advice? One of the simplest ways of spotting a high yield and low risk land investment scam is that they always offer returns that could never be obtained through legitimate investment procedures not now, not tomorrow, not ever. Some of these types of scams happen in UK recently like the scams in Kent, London and Sussex commonly known to the public as the Kent Land Scam, London Land Scams and the Sussex Land Scams.